|
NET FRAMEWORKS
The Microsoft .NET Framework is a software framework that is available with several Microsoft Windows operating systems.
It includes a large library of coded solutions to prevent common programming problems and a virtual machine that manages the
execution of programs written specifically for the framework. The .NET Framework is a key Microsoft offering and is intended
to be used by most new applications created for the Windows platform.
The coded solutions that form the framework's Base Class Library cover a large range of programming needs in a number
of areas, including user interface, data access, database connectivity, cryptography, web application development, numeric
algorithms, and network communications. The class library is used by programmers, who combine it with their own code to produce
applications.
Programs written for the .NET Framework execute in a software environment that manages the program's runtime requirements.
Also part of the .NET Framework, this runtime environment is known as the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The CLR provides
the appearance of an application virtual machine so that programmers need not consider the capabilities of the specific CPU
that will execute the program. The CLR also provides other important services such as security, memory management, and exception
handling. The class library and the CLR together compose the .NET Framework.
Version 3.0 of the .NET Framework is included with Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista. The current version of the framework
can also be installed on Windows XP and the Windows Server 2003 family of operating systems. A reduced "Compact"
version of the .NET Framework is also available on Windows Mobile platforms, including smartphones.
ACTIVE SERVER PAGES
What Are Active Server Pages (ASP)?
Active Server Pages or ASP, as it is more commonly known, is a technology that enables you to make dynamic and interactive
web pages.
ASP uses server-side scripting to dynamically produce web pages that are not affected by the type of browser the web site
visitor is using.
The default scripting language used for writing ASP is VBScript, although you can use other scripting languages like JScript
(Microsoft's version of JavaScript).
ASP pages have the extension .asp instead of .htm, when a page with the extension .asp is requested by a browser the web
server knows to interpret any ASP contained within the web page before sending the HTML produced to the browser. This way
all the ASP is run on the web server and no ASP will ever be passed to the web browser.
Any web pages containing ASP cannot be run by just simply opening the page in a web browser. The page must be requested
through a web server that supports ASP, this is why ASP stands for Active Server Pages, no server, no active pages.
As ASP was first introduced by Microsoft on it's web server, Internet Information Services (IIS), that runs on Windows
2000/XP Pro/NT4, it is this web server that ASP pages usually run best on.
For those of you running Windows and wish to play around with ASP on your own system you will need to install Microsoft's
Internet Information Services (IIS). Lucky IIS or its micro version Personal Web Server (PWS) comes free with Windows.
For Windows users you can find Internet Information Services (IIS) or Personal Web Server (PWS) in the following places:
-
* Windows XP Pro/2003/2000 - IIS can be found in 'Add/Remove Programs' in the 'Control Panel'.
* Windows 98 - PWS can be found under 'add-ons' on the Windows 98 CD.
* Windows NT4/95 - You can get hold of IIS by downloading the NT4 Option Pack from Microsoft (don't be fooled by the
name as it also runs on Windows 95).
* Windows ME - IIS and PWS are not supported on this operating system.
* Windows XP Home Edition - IIS and PWS are not supported on this operating system.
ACCESS
Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft
that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software development tools.
It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications and is included in the Professional and higher versions for Windows
and also sold separately. There is no version for MacOS or for Microsoft Office Mobile.
Access stores data in its own format based on the Access Jet Database Engine. It can also import or link directly to data
stored in other Access databases, Excel, SharePoint lists, text, XML, Outlook, HTML, dBase, Paradox, Lotus 1-2-3, or any ODBC-compliant
data container including Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL and PostgreSQL. Software developers and data architects can use
it to develop application software and non-programmer "power users" can use it to build simple applications. It
supports some object-oriented techniques but falls short of being a fully object-oriented development tool.
Access Privileges
Limited Access Privilege (LAP) or Dedicated Access Privilege (DAP) programs, in general, refer to the same thing. These
terms have recently been used in place of the terms IFQ and ITQ since these new terms encompass allocation of a portion of
the TAC or commercial quota to communities and groups of individuals. LAP Programs are limited access systems whereby federal
permits are issued to harvest a quantity of fish representing a portion of the TAC. LAPs may be distributed to individuals,
communities, and held by Regional Fishing Associations.
Active Hyperlink
A hyperlink is considered to be an active hyperlink from the time a user presses and releases the mouse button when clicking
on the hyperlink. When designing a Web page, you can choose a font color to represent active hyperlinks.
Administrator(as an IT resource)
User Management Resource Administrator (UMRA) is a comprehensive User Account Management solution that can help you to
control and manage Active Directory. While extremely powerful and flexible, Active Directory can be a complex environment
to manage. UMRA is an enterprise solution focused on Active Directory user account management and it provides a central point
of control to manage, control and report on Active Directory user accounts. Besides Active Directory, UMRA also manages all
user account resources like home- and profile directories, Exchange mailboxes, Terminal Services settings, group memberships
and NTFS permissions.
UMRA supports a wide variety of functions and a number of different interfaces. Features include the creation, deletion
and configuration of user accounts, mailboxes, (home) directories, groups, group memberships, permission settings and many
more.
Authentication
Authentication is the process of determining whether someone or something is, in fact, who or what it is declared to be.
In private and public computer networks (including the Internet), authentication is commonly done through the use of logon
passwords. Knowledge of the password is assumed to guarantee that the user is authentic. Each user registers initially (or
is registered by someone else), using an assigned or self-declared password. On each subsequent use, the user must know and
use the previously declared password. The weakness in this system for transactions that are significant (such as the exchange
of money) is that passwords can often be stolen, accidentally revealed, or forgotten.
Data Administrator
The analysis, classification and maintenance of an organization's data and data relationships. It includes the development
of data models and data dictionaries, which, combined with transaction volume, are the raw materials for database design.
Although data administration and database administration are separate functions, both are typically combined into one
department and are often performed by the same people. However, "data" administration deals with the modeling of
the data and treats data as an organizational resource, while "database" administration deals with the implementation
of the types of databases that are in use. The person who performs "data" administration functions is a "database
analyst" or "data administrator," the latter being an earlier title for the job. The person who handles "database"
administration, which is the technical design and management of the database, is the "database administrator."
Electronic Commerce
Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services
over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has
grown extraordinarily with wide-spread Internet usage. A wide variety of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing
on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic
data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically
uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of
technologies such as e-mail as well.
A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium
content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers
are sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e-tail. Almost all big retailers have electronic
commerce presence on the World Wide Web.
Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses is referred to as business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open
to all interested parties (e.g. commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants (private electronic
market). Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses and consumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business-to-consumer
or B2C. This is the type of electronic commerce conducted by companies such as Amazon.com.
Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of
data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions.
Electronic Government
Electronic government is an area currently entering into the research agenda, having so far been mainly practitioner-oriented.
Research in the area is scattered across several disciplines.
Encryption
Encryption is the conversion of data into a form, called a ciphertext, that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized
people. Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back into its original form, so it can be understood.
Information Technology
Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is "the study,
design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications
and computer hardware."[1] IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect,
process, transmit, and securely retrieve information.
Intellectual Property Rights
Intellectual property (IP) are legal property rights over creations of the mind, both artistic and commercial, and the
corresponding fields of law. Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of
intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; ideas, discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols,
and designs. Common types of intellectual property include copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights and trade
secrets.
ISO
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world's largest developer and publisher of International Standards.
Malicious Code
Malicious code (also called vandals) is a new breed of Internet threat that cannot be efficiently controlled by conventional
antivirus software alone. In contrast to viruses that require a user to execute a program in order to cause damage, vandals
are auto-executable applications.
Patch
patch is a Unix program that updates text files according to instructions contained in a separate file, called a patch
file. The patch file (also called a patch for short) is a text file that consists of a list of differences and is produced
by running the related diff program with the original and updated file as arguments. Updating files with patch is often referred
to as applying the patch or simply patching the files.
Purge
purge is the removal of people who are considered undesirable by those in power from a government, from another organisation,
or from society as a whole. Purges can be peaceful or violent; many will end with the imprisonment or exile of those purged,
but in some cases they will simply be removed from office. Restoring people who have been purged is known as rehabilitation.
Remote Access
RemoteAccess is a MS-DOS Bulletin Board System (BBS) software package written by Andrew Milner and was published by his
company Wantree Development in Australia. RemoteAccess was written in Turbo Pascal with some Assembly Language routines. RemoteAccess
(commonly called RA) began in 1989 as a clone of QuickBBS by Adam Hudson. RemoteAccess was released under the shareware concept
in 1990 and became popular in North America, Europe, UK, South Africa, and the South Pacific. Initially the main advantage
over QuickBBS was its ability to run multiple nodes under Microsoft Windows, Quarterdeck's DESQview and OS/2. RA could also
operate over a network or even a combination of network and multitasking operating systems to provide multiple "nodes
per station" capabilities.
Social Engineering
In computer security, social engineering is a term that describes a non-technical kind of intrusion that relies heavily
on human interaction and often involves tricking other people to break normal security procedures. A social engineer runs
what used to be called a "con game". For example, a person using social engineering to break into a computer network
would try to gain the confidence of someone who is authorized to access the network in order to get them to reveal information
that compromises the network's security. They might call the authorized employee with some kind of urgent problem; social
engineers often rely on the natural helpfulness of people as well as on their weaknesses. Appeal to vanity, appeal to authority,
and old-fashioned eavesdropping are typical social engineering techniques.
Spoofing
Spoofing is the creation of TCP/IP packets using somebody else's IP address. Routers use the "destination IP"
address in order to forward packets through the Internet, but ignore the "source IP" address. That address is only
used by the destination machine when it responds back to the source.
Strong Encryption
An encryption method that uses a very large number as its cryptographic key. The larger the key, the longer it takes to
unlawfully break the code. Today, 256 bits is considered strong encryption. As computers become faster, the length of the
key must be increased.
User ID
A User ID is the code used by a User to identify himself when he logs into a system and starts a Login Session. It is
used by the system to uniquely identitfy this User. A User ID is one-half of a set of Credentials.
|
